想要学好英语学科,我们应该重视语法和单词的学习,提高学习能力,打好基础,使自己的成绩提高,下面是学大的专家为大家总结的初中英语知识点-主动语态和被动语态介绍。
一、主动语态改成被动语态方法
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
二、被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to. 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.
同学们了解了初中英语知识点-主动语态和被动语态介绍,在平时的学习中,重视基础知识的学习,提高学习能力,使自己在中考中取得好成绩。